The Theory of Change (TOC) examines the root causes of exploitation, forced labour, and vulnerabilities among migrant workers, identifying roles of relevant stakeholders to address them.

The study suggests that action towards tackling human and labour rights challenges faced by migrant workers in international supply chains must result from a combined effort between various stakeholders. These include brands, suppliers, recruitment agencies, civil society, governments and academia. It also proposes an approach based on necessary action and results across six outcome areas: Knowledge, Recruitment Fees, Culture, Governance, Effective Remedy and Transparency.

Establishing that no single public or private sector actor can drive change alone, the TOC was developed in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders from government, business, and civil society.